How Local Councils Can Improve Cybersecurity - 7 Steps

Local councils handle vast amounts of sensitive data, from residents’ personal details to financial records and infrastructure plans. As cyber threats evolve, councils are increasingly targeted by ransomware attacks, phishing scams, and data breaches.

The stakes are high: a successful cyber attack can disrupt essential public services, expose confidential data, and erode public trust. With councils under tight budgets and growing digital demands, securing systems while maintaining efficiency is more critical than ever.

So, what can local councils do to strengthen their cybersecurity? Here are the 7 key steps they should take.

1. Adopt a Zero Trust Security Model
2. Strengthen Cloud Security for Remote Work
3. Protect Against Ransomware Attacks
4. Train Staff to Recognise Cyber Threats
5. Implement Robust Data Protection Policies
6. Ensure Cyber Resilience in Public Services
7. Collaborate with NCSC and Public Sector Partners
   
   

1. Adopt a Zero Trust Security Model

Traditional cybersecurity relies on perimeter defences, but modern threats demand a Zero Trust approach. This means:

• Verify every user and device – No one gets automatic trust, even inside the network.
• Use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) – Require extra verification beyond just passwords.
• Segment networks – Restrict access to sensitive data based on job roles.

By implementing Zero Trust, councils can prevent cybercriminals from moving laterally across systems if they breach one part of the network.

2. Strengthen Cloud Security for Remote Work

With more council employees working remotely or using cloud-based systems, cloud security is paramount. Councils should:

• Use end-to-end encryption for all cloud communications.
• Ensure cloud providers meet government security standards (like Cyber Essentials Plus).
• Regularly audit third-party cloud applications to minimise risks.

Cloud adoption is increasing in local government, but without proper security controls, it can become a major vulnerability.

3. Protect Against Ransomware Attacks

Ransomware is one of the biggest threats to UK councils. Attackers encrypt critical data and demand payment to restore access. To defend against ransomware:

• Backup data frequently – Store backups offline to prevent them from being encrypted in an attack.
• Patch vulnerabilities – Keep software, operating systems, and devices up to date.
• Train staff to spot phishing emails – Most ransomware enters through email scams.

The NCSC (National Cyber Security Centre) advises councils to assume a breach will happen and have a robust incident response plan in place.

4. Train Staff to Recognise Cyber Threats

Human error remains a leading cause of cyber breaches. Councils should invest in cybersecurity awareness training to:

• Educate employees on phishing scams and social engineering tactics.
• Ensure staff use strong passwords and avoid password reuse.
• Regularly test employees with simulated phishing attacks.

A single careless click can compromise entire council networks, but well-trained staff act as a strong first line of defence.

5. Implement Robust Data Protection Policies

Councils hold vast amounts of personally identifiable information (PII), making data protection a top priority. Key steps include:

• Data minimisation – Only collect and store essential data.
• Role-based access – Limit who can view or edit sensitive files.
• Encrypt data at rest and in transit – Prevent interception or unauthorised access.

Failing to secure citizen data can lead to GDPR fines and severe reputational damage.

6. Ensure Cyber Resilience in Public Services

Cyber attacks can disrupt public services, from council tax systems to housing benefits and emergency response coordination. Councils should:

✅ Conduct regular cyber drills to test response plans.
✅ Ensure continuity plans include cyber incidents.
✅ Have clear communication strategies in case of a breach.

Proactive planning can reduce downtime and minimise disruption if an attack occurs.

7. Collaborate with the NCSC and Public Sector Partners

No council operates in isolation, collaboration is key to improving cybersecurity. Local authorities should:

• Follow NCSC guidelines on best practices.
• Share intelligence with other councils and government agencies at DigiGov.
• Work with Cyber Resilience Centres for expert support.

Cyber threats are evolving fast, and shared knowledge is a powerful defence.

Local councils are on the frontline of digital transformation, but with that comes growing cyber risks. By adopting Zero Trust security, training staff, protecting data, and collaborating with industry experts, councils can strengthen their cyber resilience and continue delivering essential public services safely and securely.

As cyber threats increase, investing in cybersecurity is no longer optional, it’s essential.

Need expert guidance on improving local government cybersecurity?

Attend the dedicated Cyber Theatre at the DigiGov Expo to hear from experts on the latest Cyber regulations, policy and guidance.