Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a higher risk of criminal behaviour due to the impulsivity and reduced self-control associated with the disorder.
However, a recent study suggests that if ADHD is recognised and managed appropriately, criminality rates can reduce by 32% in men and 41% in women.
- What Is ADHD?
- Why Is There a Link Between ADHD and Criminality?
- What’s Involved in the Ministry of Justice’s Action Plan to Improve Crime Rates?
What Is ADHD?
ADHD is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects around 5% of the world’s population, often leading to inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although the exact cause of ADHD is unknown, researchers believe genetics, environmental factors and brain development may all play a role.
The disorder is commonly diagnosed in childhood and affects boys more than girls. Symptoms of ADHD can vary from person to person, but some common symptoms include difficulty organising tasks, difficulty sustaining attention, restlessness, impulsivity and difficulty controlling behaviour.
Recent studies have suggested that individuals with ADHD are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour than those without the disorder. But why is this the case? We explore the reasons in the next section.
Why Is There a Link Between ADHD and Criminality?
The link between ADHD and criminal behaviour is complex and not fully understood. While there appears to be a correlation between the two, not all individuals with ADHD will engage in criminal behaviour. With appropriate treatment and support, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and reduce the risk of criminal behaviour.
There are several reasons why ADHD and criminality are linked. One is that individuals with ADHD may act impulsively without considering the consequences of their behaviour — leading to criminal activity. Additionally, people with ADHD can have difficulty controlling their emotions and behaviour. This can result in aggressive and violent outbursts.
People with ADHD also tend to display higher risk-taking behaviour and may find it harder to plan and anticipate the consequences of their actions. These factors can increase the likelihood of criminal behaviour.
Poor academic performance and social difficulties also have a role to play. ADHD can lead to reduced educational attainment, limiting job prospects and other opportunities. This may lead to financial challenges, which can also increase the risk of criminal behaviour.
What’s Involved in the Ministry of Justice’s Action Plan to Improve Crime Rates?
The Ministry of Justice’s action plan to reduce crime rates includes several measures to tackle the root causes of crime and provide better support for victims.
The plan includes a range of measures aimed at reducing reoffending. These include increased investment in rehabilitation services and introducing a new National Probation Service to manage offenders in the community.
It also includes measures to strengthen community safety, including creating a new police and crime commissioner for each police force in England and Wales and stronger powers for councils to tackle anti-social behaviour.
The plan also focuses on improving the justice system by introducing more efficient court processes, stricter sentences for serious and repeat offenders and increasing the use of restorative justice.
Finally, the plan seeks to improve public confidence in the criminal justice system through better communication and engagement. This is achieved through developing a new public engagement strategy, which will ensure people understand how the criminal justice system works and how they can access justice.
Understanding the link between ADHD and criminality and discovering ways to tackle the issue is complex. Different organisations need to work together towards the same vision and strategy.
